Type 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as tissue-resident innate
correlates of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Recent studies suggest that ILCs are …

Protein kinases play a major role in cellular activation processes, including signal
transduction by diverse immunoreceptors. Given their roles in cell growth and death and in …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are enriched at barrier surfaces of the mammalian body where
they rapidly respond to host, microbial or environmental stimuli to promote immunity or …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with grave physical,
emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Despite advances in targeted biologic and …

Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system and play a
critical role in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. NK cells develop in the bone marrow from …

Cytokines are critical mediators of diverse immune and inflammatory diseases. Targeting
cytokines and cytokine receptors with biologics has revolutionized the treatment of many of …

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes primarily involved in innate immunity and possess
important functional properties in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses; thus, these cells have …

In this era, it is axiomatic that cytokines have critical roles in cellular development and
differentiation, immune homeostasis, and host defense. Equally, dysregulation of cytokines …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce all the terminally differentiated blood cells and are
controlled by extracellular signals from the microenvironment, the bone marrow (BM) niche …

Steroids are the standard treatment for allergic airway inflammation in asthma, but steroid-
refractory asthma poses a challenge. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), such as T …