Polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have been intimately linked to the
development of industrial activities in the 20th century and, consequently, to the …

Humans have long appreciated silk for its lustrous appeal and remarkable physical
properties, yet as the mysteries of silk are unraveled, it becomes clear that this outstanding …

Robust damage-tolerant hydrogel fibers with high strength, crack resistance, and self-
healing properties are indispensable for their long-term uses in soft machines and robots as …

Connecting different electronic devices is usually straightforward because they have paired,
standardized interfaces, in which the shapes and sizes match each other perfectly. Tissue …

Spider silk is a natural polymeric fiber with high tensile strength, toughness, and has distinct
thermal, optical, and biocompatible properties. The mechanical properties of spider silk are …

The manipulation of internal interactions at the molecular level within biological fibers is of
particular importance but challenging, severely limiting their tunability in macroscopic …

Biomimetic material development takes inspiration from biological materials and organisms
that possess extraordinary properties or appearance, such as excellent mechanical strength …

Soft actuators have received intensive attention in the fields of soft robots, sensors,
intelligent control, artificial intelligence, and visual intelligence. By combination of tensile …

All spiders produce protein-based biopolymer fibres that we call silk. The most studied of
these silks is spider dragline silk, which is very tough and relatively abundant compared with …

Biomineralization refers to the process through which minerals nucleate in a structured
manner to form specific crystal structures by the regulating of biomacromolecules …