For camouflage to succeed, an individual has to pass undetected, unrecognized or
untargeted, and hence it is the processing of visual information that needs to be deceived …

Background Flower coloration is a key enabler for pollinator attraction. Floral visual signals
comprise several components that are generated by specific anatomical structures and …

Biological coloration presents a canvas for the study of ecological and evolutionary
processes. Enduring interest in colour‐based phenotypes has driven, and been driven by …

One view of pollination systems is that they tend toward specialization. This view is implicit in
many discussions of angiosperm evolution and plant—pollinator coevolution and in the long …

In understanding how visual signals function, quantifying the components of those patterns
is vital. With the ever-increasing power and availability of digital photography, many studies …

The evolution of floral traits in animal-pollinated plants involves the interaction between
flowers as signal senders and pollinators as signal receivers. Flower colors are very diverse …

Colour patterns and their visual backgrounds consist of a mosaic of patches that vary in
colour, brightness, size, shape and position. Most studies of crypsis, aposematism, sexual …

Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey,
predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness—having …

The evolutionary tuning between floral colouration and the colour vision of flower-visiting
Hymenoptera is quantified by evaluating the informational transfer from the signalling flower …

Based on the measurements of 1063 flower reflection spectra, we show that flower colours
fall into distinct clusters in the colour space of a bee. It is demonstrated that this clustering is …