Neuronal nicotinic receptors (NAChRs) form a heterogeneous family of ion channels that are
differently expressed in many regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral …

Tobacco use disorder continues to be a leading public health issue and cause of premature
death in the United States. Nicotine is considered as the major tobacco alkaloid causing …

The aversive aspects of withdrawal from chronic nicotine exposure are thought to be an
important motivational factor contributing to the maintenance of the tobacco habit in human …

Nicotine is a psychoactive ingredient in tobacco that significantly contributes to the harmful
tobacco smoking habit. Nicotine dependence is more prevalent than dependence on any …

Declining cigarette use and spreading bans on smoking in public places in the United States
are encouraging the US cigarette industry to turn to another tobacco category, smokeless …

Nicotine and other constituents of tobacco smoke elevate dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐
HT) levels in brain and may cause homeostatic adaptations in DA and 5‐HT transporters …

Tobacco is a highly addictive drug and is one of the most widely abused drugs in the world.
The first part of this review explores the role of stressors and stress-associated psychiatric …

Nicotine, the addictive chemical in tobacco smoke, initiates its actions in brain through
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In particular, nAChRs containing β2-subunits …

The involvement of μ-opioid receptors in different behavioral responses elicited by nicotine
was explored by using μ-opioid receptor knock-out mice. The acute antinociceptive …

Epidemiological studies indicate a high incidence of cigarette smoking among depressed
individuals. Moreover, individuals with a history of depression have a much harder time …