Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

Chronic pain is a condition in which pain progresses from an acute to chronic state and
persists beyond the healing process. Chronic pain impairs function and decreases patients' …

Neuropathic pain can develop after nerve injury, when deleterious changes occur in injured
neurons and along nociceptive and descending modulatory pathways in the central nervous …

Chronic pain conditions are associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function.
Moreover, some studies indicate that brain activity related to the subjective perception of …

Chronic pain states are highly prevalent and yet poorly controlled by currently available
analgesics, representing an enormous clinical, societal, and economic burden. Existing pain …

Pain is fundamentally unpleasant, a feature that protects the organism by promoting
motivation and learning. Relief of aversive states, including pain, is rewarding. The …

Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain adapts with pain, as well as imparts risk
for develo** chronic pain. Within this context, we revisit the concepts for nociception, acute …

Background: Emotional disorders are common comorbid affectations that exacerbate the
severity and persistence of chronic pain. Specifically, depressive symptoms can lead to an …

While chronic pain is considered by some to be a CNS disease, little is understood about
underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Addiction models have heuristic value in this …

Phantom perception refers to the conscious awareness of a percept in the absence of an
external stimulus. On the basis of basic neuroscience on perception and clinical research in …