Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing
population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance …

The use of synthetic fungicides to control fungal diseases has growing limitations due to eco-
toxicological risks. Therefore, it is necessary to replace or integrate high risk chemicals with …

Plant diseases are among the major causes of the low productivity of crops, causing yield
losses of up to 30%, heralding an enormous threat to global food security. Indiscriminate use …

In the current scenario of rapidly evolving climate change, crop plants are more frequently
subjected to stresses of both abiotic and biotic origin, including exposure to unpredictable …

Plants generate energy flows through natural food webs, driven by competition for resources
among organisms, which are part of a complex network of multitrophic interactions. Here, we …

Dam**-off disease due to Pythium aphanidermatum is one of the most harmful diseases of
cucumber. One of the critical issues in the field of biological control is the establishment of a …

The negative impact of chemical pesticides on the environment and human health has
contributed to the introduction of legal regulations that ensure the reduction in the use of …

Endophytes protect the host plant for their entire life cycle and they have the ability to act as
a biocontrol agent. Organisms protect the host plant through antibiosis, parasitism and …

Nanotechnologies have contributed to disease control and prevention, but conventional
synthesis of nanoparticles rarely meets the strict requirements of green chemistry …

Crop plants are more often exposed to abiotic stresses in the current age of fast-evolving
climate change. This includes exposure to extreme and unpredictable changes in climatic …