Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Neural recording electrode technologies have contributed considerably to neuroscience by
enabling the extracellular detection of low-frequency local field potential oscillations and …

Successful integration of advanced semiconductor devices with biological systems will
accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical technologies. In …

In the mammalian nervous system, billions of neurons connected by quadrillions of
synapses exchange electrical, chemical and mechanical signals. Disruptions to this network …

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) development is closely related to physics. In this paper, we
review the physical principles of BCIs, and underlying novel approaches for registration …

Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes plays a key role in life,
where the whole is often much more than the sum of its parts. Quite trivially, the molecules of …

Brain function depends on simultaneous electrical, chemical and mechanical signaling at
the cellular level. This multiplicity has confounded efforts to simultaneously measure or …

Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis,
and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its …

We describe an all-optical strategy for simultaneously manipulating and recording the
activity of multiple neurons with cellular resolution in vivo. We performed simultaneous two …

Optogenetic tools have provided a new way to establish causal relationships between brain
activity and behaviour in health and disease. Although no animal model captures human …