Frequent observations of higher mortality in larger trees than in smaller ones during
droughts have sparked an increasing interest in size‐dependent drought‐induced mortality …

Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. We review the environmental
factors controlling their structure and global distribution and evaluate their current and future …

Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as plants
worldwide experience dieback with drought in moist places and grow taller with warming in …

The evolution of lignified xylem allowed for the efficient transport of water under tension, but
also exposed the vascular network to the risk of gas emboli and the spread of gas between …

The frequency and intensity of droughts have increased over the decades, leading to
increased forest decline. The response of forest to drought can be evaluated by both its …

Water must be transported long distances in tall plants, resulting in increasing hydraulic
resistance, which may place limitations on the maximum plant height (H max) in a given …

The xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism (P50) is
widely used for comparisons of xylem vulnerability among species and across aridity …

Despite its importance for forest regeneration, food webs, and human economies, changes
in tree fecundity with tree size and age remain largely unknown. The allometric increase with …

This review presents a framework for evaluating how cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants
perform both hydraulic and mechanical functions. The morphological alterations that affect …

Angiosperm and coniferous tree species utilize a continuum of hydraulic strategies.
Hydraulic safety margins (defined as differences between naturally occurring xylem …