Background Changes in Earth's climate over time can be measured in many ways. The
different metrics available represent alternative dimensions of climate change, each with …

Climate, physical landscapes, and biota interact to generate heterogeneous hydrologic
conditions in space and over time, which are reflected in spatial patterns of species …

Motivation More than half of Earth's species are contained in a mere 1.4% of its land area,
but the climates of many of these biodiversity hotspots are projected to disappear as a …

As climates change across already stressed ecosystems, there is no doubt that species will
be affected, but to what extent and which will be most vulnerable remain uncertain. The …

Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in
space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global …

Terrestrial ecosystems have encountered substantial warming over the past century, with
temperatures increasing about twice as rapidly over land as over the oceans. Here, we …

The reorganization of patterns of species diversity driven by anthropogenic climate change,
and the consequences for humans, are not yet fully understood or appreciated …

Aim Identifying and protecting refugia is a priority for conservation under projected
anthropogenic climate change, because of their demonstrated ability to facilitate the survival …

This book tells the story of visionary urban experiments, shedding light on the theories that
preceded their development and on the monsters that followed and might be the end of our …

We use a statistical metric of multi-dimensional climate change to quantify the emergence of
global climate change hotspots in the CMIP5 climate model ensemble. Our hotspot metric …