It is well known that electrical signals are deeply associated with living entities. Much of our
understanding of excitable tissues is derived from studies of specialized cells of neurons or …

Our knowledge of the principles by which organ architecture develops through complex
collective cell behaviours is still limited. Recent work has shown that the shape of such …

Senescence is a form of cell-cycle arrest linked to tumor suppression and aging. However, it
remains controversial and has not been documented in nonpathologic states. Here we …

Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, is an essential component of cell-cell signaling
during vertebrate organogenesis. In early development, retinoic acid organizes the trunk by …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are small polypeptide growth factors, all of whom share in
common certain structural characteristics, and most of whom bind heparin avidly. Many …

Biological Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2* | Endocrine Reviews | Oxford Academic
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The long bones of the develo** skeleton, such as those of the limb, arise from the process
of endochondral ossification, where cartilage serves as the initial anlage element and is …

Fgf-10-deficient mice (Fgf-10−/−) were generated to determine the role (s) of Fgf-10 in
vertebrate development. Limb bud initiation was abolished in Fgf-10−/− mice. Strikingly, Fgf …

The limb bud is of paradigmatic value to understanding vertebrate organogenesis. Recent
genetic analysis in mice has revealed the existence of a largely self-regulatory limb bud …

We disrupted the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene by introducing a
neo cassette into the IIIc ligand binding exon and by deleting a genomic DNA fragment …