Traditional risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, such as excess energy
intake and lack of physical activity, cannot fully explain the high prevalence of these …

Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels,
contributing to poor health outcomes at individual and population levels. Evidence points to …

The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the
timing of sleep and light-dark exposure. These changes result in disturbances of the …

The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest
burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct …

Late eating has been linked to obesity risk. It is unclear whether this is caused by changes in
hunger and appetite, energy expenditure, or both, and whether molecular pathways in …

The influence of meal frequency and timing on health and disease has been a topic of
interest for many years. While epidemiological evidence indicates an association between …

Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Dietary restriction (DR) decreases body weight, improves health, and extends lifespan. DR
can be achieved by controlling how much and/or when food is provided, as well as by …

The term social jetlag is used to describe the discrepancy between biological time,
determined by our internal body clock, and social times, mainly dictated by social obligations …

Morning loaded calorie intake in humans has been advocated as a dietary strategy to
improve weight loss. This is also supported by animal studies suggesting time of eating can …