Land-surface parameters derived from digital land surface models (DLSMs)(for example,
slope, surface curvature, topographic position, topographic roughness, aspect, heat load …

Soil moisture controls environmental processes and species distributions, but it is difficult to
measure and interpolate across space. Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) derived from …

It is important to predict the spatial distribution of SOC accurately for migrating carbon
emission and sustainable soil management. Environmental variables influence the accuracy …

This article examines how the methods and data sources used to generate DEMs and
calculate land surface parameters have changed over the past 25years. The primary goal is …

Obtaining the spatial distribution information of soil organic carbon (SOC) is significant to
quantify the carbon budget and guide land management for migrating carbon emissions …

Topography is an important determinant of soil moisture (SM) distribution and thus drives the
functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, including vegetation composition and structure. To …

This chapter reviews the various flow routing algorithms that simulate the distribution and
flow of water across landscapes. The distinguishing characteristics of nine such algorithms …

We compared different methods of multi-scale terrain feature construction and their relative
effectiveness for digital soil map** with a Deep Learning algorithm. The most common …

As an important topographic attribute widely-used in precision agriculture, topographic
wetness index (TWI) is designed to quantify the effect of local topography on hydrological …

Terrain attributes derived from digital elevation models have been used widely for map**
soil organic matter (SOM). Among these attributes, the topographic wetness index (TWI), an …