Bacteria influence eukaryotic biology as parasitic, commensal or beneficial symbionts. Aside
from these organismal interactions, bacteria have also been important sources of new …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

First described in 1843, Rumen protozoa with their striking appearance were assumed to be
important for the welfare of their host. However, despite contributing up to 50% of the bio …

Genome sequences of diverse free-living protists are essential for understanding eukaryotic
evolution and molecular and cell biology. The free-living amoeboflagellate Naegleria …

Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic
environments, and microbial eukaryotes (protists) are no exception. Protists that experience …

Oxygen plays a crucial role in energetic metabolism of most eukaryotes. Yet adaptations to
low-oxygen concentrations leading to anaerobiosis have independently arisen in many …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is known to have contributed to the content of eukaryotic
genomes, but the direct effects of HGT on eukaryotic evolution are more obscure because …

Anaerobic gut fungi in the phylum Neocallimastigomycota typically inhabit the digestive
tracts of large mammalian herbivores, where they play an integral role in the decomposition …

Anaerobiosis has independently evolved in multiple lineages of ciliates, allowing them to
colonize a variety of anoxic and oxygen‐depleted habitats. Anaerobic ciliates commonly …

Eukaryotes arose about 1.6 billion years ago, at a time when oxygen levels were still very
low on Earth, both in the atmosphere and in the ocean. According to newer geochemical …