Heavy metal (HM) stress is threatening agricultural crops, ecological systems, and human
health worldwide. HM toxicity adversely affects plant growth, physiological processes, and …

Heavy metals (HMs), like vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)
toxicity due to anthropogenic, impair plant growth and yield, which is a challenging issue for …

Industrialisation plays a very important role in remodelling of society. Today, we are in the
society where almost all people depend on industries directly or indirectly. However, in spite …

Hormesis, which describes the stimulatory effect of low doses of toxic substances on growth,
is a well-known phenomenon in the plant and animal kingdoms. However, the mechanisms …

Rehabilitation of heavy metals contaminated soils using association between legumes and
beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) is …

The enhanced heavy metal (HM) phytoextraction efficiency of hyperaccumulating plants via
plant-growth-promoting microbes has been proposed as an effective strategy to remove …

Soils contaminated by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) as a result of anthropogenic
activities such as mining are a problem due to the adverse effects on human and …

Phytotoxicity of trace elements (commonly misunderstood as 'heavy metals') includes
impairment of functional groups of enzymes, photo-assembly, redox homeostasis, and …

Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen that causes gray mold, is damaging more than 200 plant
species, and especially tomato. Photosystem II (PSII) responses in tomato (Solanum …

Arsenic (As) is an acute toxic metalloid that affects plant growth and development. As is
found in the environment in organic and inorganic forms, but arsenite As (III) and arsenate …