Flower colour is a key component for plant signaling to pollinators and a staggering variety
of colour variations are found in nature. Patterning of flower colour, such as pigment spots or …

Even though pigmentation traits have had substantial impacts on the field of animal
evolutionary developmental biology, they have played only relatively minor roles in plant …

Dissecting the relationship between gene function and substitution rates is key to
understanding genome-wide patterns of molecular evolution. Biochemical pathways provide …

Background Anthocyanins are important contributors to coloration across a wide
phylogenetic range of plants. Biological functions of anthocyanins span from reproduction to …

Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites that contribute to the adaptation of plants to
environmental stresses, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. Flavonoids are also …

Violet to black pigmentation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruit is caused by
anthocyanin accumulation. Model systems demonstrate the role of regulatory genes in the …

Background Phenotypic transitions, such as trait gain or loss, are predicted to carry
evolutionary consequences for the genes that control their development. For example, trait …

Background The available data demonstrate that even in universal metabolic pathways,
some species-specific regulatory features of structural genes are present. For instance, in …

Floral attraction traits can significantly affect pollinator visitation patterns, but adaptive
evolution of these traits may be constrained by correlations with other traits. In some cases …

Background Anthocyanins are the primary source of colour in flowers and also accumulate
in vegetative tissues, where they have multiple protective roles traditionally attributed to …