Reduced atmospheric acid deposition has given rise to recovery from acidification–defined
as increasing pH, acid neutralization capacity (ANC), or alkalinity in surface waters. Strong …

Mixed chlorine/chloramines are commonly occurring in real drinking water distribution
systems (DWDSs) but often overlooked. This review provides a comprehensive overview of …

The substantial use of disinfectants has increased antibiotic resistance, thereby mediating
serious ecological safety issues worldwide. Accumulating studies have reported the role of …

Phosphate is commonly added to drinking water to inhibit lead release from lead service
lines and lead-containing materials in premise plumbing. Phosphate addition promotes the …

Targeting for the problems in industrial circulating cooling water system resulted from scale
formation, researchers have proposed a variety of treatment solutions, among which …

Lead (IV) oxide (PbO2) is an important component of the scale in many lead pipes used for
water supply. Promoting conditions that maintain its stability could be an effective method for …

For lead pipes that contain PbO2 (s) as a major component of their scales, a change in the
residual disinfectant from free chlorine to monochloramine can destabilize the PbO2 (s) and …

Lead release from pipe scales was investigated under different water compositions,
stagnation times, and flow regimes. Pipe scales containing PbO2 and hydrocerussite (Pb3 …

This study explored the ability of orthophosphate addition to limit lead release from lead
service lines delivering high pH, low alkalinity water. We built pipe loop reactors with lead …

Abstract Hydrocerussite (Pb 3 (CO 3) 2 (OH) 2) is widely observed as a corrosion product in
drinking water distribution systems. Its equilibrium solubility and dissolution rate can control …