Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, and its
clinical features are the proliferation of joint synovial tissue, the formation of pannus and the …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes progressive articular
damage, functional loss, and comorbidity. The development of effective biologics and small …

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical
heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell
activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7. 1 and B7. 2, the expression and …

The synovium is the major target tissue of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid
arthritis. The study of synovial tissue has advanced considerably throughout the past few …

The interaction between T cell and dendritic cells (DCs) that leads to T cell activation affects
the progression of the immune response including autoimmune diseases. Antigen …

Objective Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). The pathways affected by tofacitinib and the effects on gene expression in situ …

The biological DMARD (bDMARD) abatacept (Orencia®), a recombinant fusion protein,
selectively modulates a co-stimulatory signal necessary for T-cell activation. In the EU …

RA is a heterogeneous clinical and pathobiological entity. Specific pathways within synovial
tissues are emerging as associated with diverse clinical evolution and therapeutic …

Background Several agents provide treatment for established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but
a crucial therapeutic goal is to delay/prevent progression of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) or …