Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Benthic–pelagic coupling is manifested as the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients
between benthic and pelagic habitats. It plays a prominent role in aquatic ecosystems, and it …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

There is increasing concern regarding the role of climate change in driving bacterial
waterborne infectious diseases. Here we illustrate associations between environmental …

Understanding tip** point dynamics in harvested ecosystems is of crucial importance for
sustainable resource management because ignoring their existence imperils social …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

The Northern Hemisphere has been warmer since 1980 than at any other time during the
last 2000years. The observed increase in temperature has been generally higher in …

The study of climate impacts on Living Marine Resources (LMRs) has increased rapidly in
recent years with the availability of climate model simulations contributed to the assessment …

Since the days of Elton, population cycles have challenged ecologists and resource
managers. Although the underlying mechanisms remain debated, theory holds that both …

Recent years have seen a rapid expansion in the ability of earth system models to describe
and predict the physical state of the ocean. Skilful forecasts ranging from seasonal (3 …