The word'climate'refers to the long-term weather patterns within a defined region including
temperature, humidity, rainfalls and wind amount. Weather refers to daily or weekly changes …

Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue,
especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most …

Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat
to a large range of organisms as well as other ecological goods and services. Warm-water …

The Ocean plays a central role in Earth's climate and has absorbed 93% of the extra energy
from the enhanced greenhouse effect and approximately 30% of anthropogenic carbon …

STEVEN W. PURCELL1, CHANTAL CONAND2, SVEN UTHICKE3 & MARIA
BYRNE41National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour …

Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global
environmental change can no longer be excluded. We propose a new approach to global …

The effect of Ocean Acidification (OA) on marine biota is quasi-predictable at best. While
perturbation studies, in the form of incubations under elevated pCO2, reveal sensitivities and …

Coral reefs are biodiverse and productive ecosystems but are threatened by local and
global stresses. The resulting loss of coral reefs is threatening coastal food and livelihoods …

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1419–1434 Abstract Ocean acidification is a pervasive stressor
that could affect many marine organisms and cause profound ecological shifts. A variety of …

Experiments have shown that ocean acidification due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations has deleterious effects on the performance of many marine organisms …