Background Freezing reduces the temperature of the food system and extends the shelf life
of food. However, the inevitable formation of ice crystals could impact food quality. Small …

The atmosphere connects habitats across multiple spatial scales via airborne dispersal of
microbial cells, propagules and biomolecules. Atmospheric microorganisms have been …

Low temperature stress significantly threatens crop productivity and economic sustainability.
Plants counter this by deploying advanced molecular mechanisms to perceive and respond …

The cryopreservation of biomaterials is fundamental to modern biotechnology and
biomedicine, but the biggest challenge is the formation of ice, resulting in fatal cryoinjury to …

Bacterial ice nucleators (INs) are among the most effective ice nucleators known and are
relevant for freezing processes in agriculture, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Their …

Ice-nucleating proteins (INpro) trigger the freezing of supercooled water droplets relevant to
atmospheric, biological, and technological applications. The high ice nucleation activity of …

Biocatalysts are the backbone of bioprocessing industries that are going through a phase of
transition with reference to the requirement of extraordinary enzymes for various …

Aerosols of biological origins, known as bioaerosols, in addition to having the aerosol
properties, have those of a living system that offers them some enabling functionalities. From …

The ability of cold-adapted bacteria to survive in extreme cold and diverse temperatures is
due to their unique attributes like cell membrane stability, up-regulation of peptidoglycan …

Bacterial ice nucleation proteins (INPs) can cause frost damage to plants by nucleating ice
formation at high sub-zero temperatures. Modeling of Pseudomonas borealis INP by …