Subglacial lakes are repositories of ancient climate conditions, provide habitats for life and
modulate ice flow, basal hydrology, biogeochemical fluxes and geomorphic activity. In this …

The element silicon (Si) is required for the growth of silicified organisms in marine
environments, such as diatoms. These organisms consume vast amounts of Si together with …

Observations indicate that groundwater-laden sedimentary aquifers are extensive beneath
large portions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. A reduction in the mechanical …

Historically, glaciers have been seen as pristine environments. However, recent research
has shown that glaciers can accumulate and store contaminants over long timescales …

Antarctica's basal water system contains more than 130 active lakes, and its evolution
remains a major uncertainty in future ice sheet dynamics. Most of our current understanding …

The Cryogenian period of the Neoproterozoic was marked by two Snowball Earth
glaciations that bookended a non-glacial interval that lasted roughly 10 million years. The …

Glacial meltwater from the western Antarctic Ice Sheet is hypothesized to be an important
source of cryospheric iron, fertilizing the Southern Ocean, yet its trace-metal composition …

Around the Greenlandic and Antarctic coastlines, sediment plumes associated with glaciers
are significant sources of lithogenic material to the ocean. These plumes contain elevated …

During past periods of advance, Arctic glaciers and ice sheets overrode soil, sediments, and
vegetation and buried significant stores of organic matter (OM); these glaciers are now …

The Patagonia archipelago interior sea (PAIS) of southern Chile is one of the largest fjord
systems on earth. These coastal waters include remote and virtually pristine areas where …