Epidemiological studies have reported that exposure to toxic metals like cadmium (Cd) may
promote the development of musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid …

Auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system can be
perceived as a spectrum of rheumatic diseases, with the joints and connective tissues are …

Mounting evidence is revealing that heavy metals can incur disordered bone homeostasis,
leading to the development of degenerative bone diseases, including osteoporosis …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the gradual loss of articular cartilage and decrease in subchondral
space. One of the risk factors Exposure to cadmium (Cd) through tobacco smoke has been …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease and causes chronic
pain and disability to the elderly. Several risk factors are involved, such as aging, obesity …

Tobacco use has a negative impact on health due to its relationship with the development of
high-mortality diseases, such as pulmonary cancer. However, the effect of cadmium (Cd) …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss
of articular cartilage. The role of cigarette smoke (CS) in OA is debated, with some studies …

Introducción: No hay suficiente evidencia en la literatura sobre las características normales
de los músculos paraespinales lumbares en población joven y sana de México. Este …

Остеоартроз-широко распространенное, мультифакториальное заболевание,
вызывающее прогрессирующее разрушение суставных хрящей и не поддающееся …