MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological
processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as …

The ability to control cell volume is pivotal for cell function. Cell volume perturbation elicits a
wide array of signaling events, leading to protective (eg, cytoskeletal rearrangement) and …

A sperm-driven micromotor is presented as a targeted drug delivery system, which is
appealing to potentially treat diseases in the female reproductive tract. This system is …

Taurine is often referred to as a semi‐essential amino acid as newborn mammals have a
limited ability to synthesize taurine and have to rely on dietary supply. Taurine is not thought …

Cells in the renal inner medulla are normally exposed to extraordinarily high levels of NaCl
and urea. The osmotic stress causes numerous perturbations because of the hypertonic …

We have used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to determine the anomalous diffusion
properties of fluorescently tagged gold beads in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of living …

The loss of cell volume or cell shrinkage has been a morphological hallmark of the
programmed cell death process known as apoptosis. This isotonic loss of cell volume has …

Cell shrinkage is a hallmark and contributes to signaling of apoptosis. Apoptotic cell
shrinkage requires ion transport across the cell membrane involving K+ channels, Cl− or …

The use of annexin A5 (A5) and either propidium iodide or 7-aminoactinomycin D (PI/7-
AAD) stains to measure cell death by flow cytometry has been considered the gold standard …

The expansion of adipose tissue is an adaptive mechanism that increases nutrient buffering
capacity in response to an overall positive energy balance. Over the course of expansion …