This review deals with the morphology and function of adult insect mouthparts modified to
feed on nectar, pollen or petals. Specialization to nectar-feeding is evident in formation of …

The paper overviews the fossil record of insects with long mouthparts and rostra adapted to
feeding on floral nectar and pollination drops of extinct gymnosperms. The presence of …

The head and mouthpart structures of 11 species of Eurasian scorpionflies represent three
extinct and closely related families during a 62-million-year interval from the late Middle …

Recent focus on plant‐insect associations during the angiosperm radiation from the last 30
million years of the Early Cretaceous has inadvertently de‐emphasized a similar but earlier …

A defining event for Mesozoic plant-pollinator interactions is the angiosperm radiation, which
extended the reach of pollinating insects during the Early Cretaceous in a brief interval of …

The Diptera are one of the four major and dominant orders of holometabolous insects whose
larval and adult stages have invaded virtually every available terrestrial and freshwater …

The mouthparts of most specialized fluid-feeding insects consist of more or less elongated
components forming a proboscis. Functional types of mouthparts evolved as adaptations to …

The insects with the longest proboscis in relation to body length are the nectar-feeding
Nemestrinidae. These flies represent important pollinators of the South African flora and …

Neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) possess the longest proboscides among bees. In this
study, we compared the feeding behavior and functional morphology of mouthparts in two …

That [bees] and other insects, while pursuing their food in the flowers, at the same time
fertilize them without intending and knowing it and thereby lay the foundation for their own …