Background In recent years, neuroscientists and ethicists have warned of the dangers of the
unsupervised home use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in which individuals …

This paper focuses on the history of a portable shock-producing electrotherapeutic device
known as the medical battery (1870-1920), which provided both direct and alternating …

George Winter's 1962 paper in Nature reported his observation that wounds in young pigs
healed more quickly if covered rather than being left open to the air. This has been widely …

Published during the aftermath of the American Civil War, Alonzo Hill's John Smith's Funny
Adventures on a Crutch (1869) was a novel that provided a conspicuously gendered role …

Covering the years 1832 to 1908, a period that saw significant development in prosthetic
technologies—in particular artificial legs, teeth, and eyes—this thesis explores …

In this article we draw together the histories of rejuvenation and cosmetic use in order to
examine discourses of “soft rejuvenation” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth …

This paper is the first to consider the role of late-nineteenth century British beauty culturists
in establishing the respectability of anti-aging goods and services. It surveys self-published …

Patenting has had neither a single strategy nor a simple meaning. In almost all developed
countries the process of securing a patent has become increasingly convoluted, whilst the …

Perspectives www. thelancet. com Vol 388 November 19, 2016 2471 in neurology and the
science of electricity during the late 19th century led numerous prestigious hospitals to build …

Despite the widespread view that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a
'natural'and low-tech form of healthcare, by contrast with biomedicine, there are numerous …