Plants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely
impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon, non-protein amino acid.
GABA has been widely studied in animal central nervous systems, where it acts as an …

Extensive industrial activities resulted in an increase in chromium (Cr) contamination in the
environment. The toxicity of Cr severely affects plant growth and development. Cr is also …

Arsenic (As), naturally occurring metalloid and a potential hazardous material, is found in
low concentrations in the environment and emerges from natural sources and …

Plants respond to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal (s) by triggering the
expression of genes that encode proteins involved in stress response. Toxic metal ions …

Heavy metals (HMs) are affected by natural and human activities and contaminate the soil
environment, endanger plant growth and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. HMs …

Chromium toxicity impairs the productivity of rice crops and raises a major concern
worldwide and thus, it calls for unconventional and sustainable means of crop production. In …

Chromium (Cr) is the second most common metal contaminant in ground water, soil, and
sediments due to its wide industrial application, hence posing a serious environmental …

Plant metabolism is perturbed by various abiotic stresses. As such the metabolic network of
plants must be reconfigured under stress conditions in order to allow both the maintenance …

Pollution of plants by heavy metals is a critical health issue because metals can be
transmitted to animals and humans. Heavy metal exposure induces an oxidative stress in …