There is growing evidence that maternal experience influences offspring via non-genetic
mechanisms. When female three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were …

Nutritional condition during early life could have long lasting effects on metabolism, growth
trajectory and ultimately ecological fitness. We examined effects of Artemia nauplii enriched …

Early environmental conditions can influence the pattern of growth and development. While
poor conditions generally cause slower growth, normal adult size can still be reached if …

Although laboratory and observational studies suggest that many animals are capable of
compensatory growth after periods of food shortage, few field experiments have …

Conditions experienced during development and growth are of crucial importance as they
can have a significant influence on the optimisation of life histories. Indeed, the ability of an …

We compared ancestral anadromous-marine and nonmigratory, stream-resident threespine
stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations to examine the outcome of relaxed …

While many ectothermic species can withstand prolonged fasting without mortality, food
deprivation may have sublethal effects of ecological importance, including reductions in …

Highlights•We studied flight performance in young adult starlings.•The birds had either been
advantaged or disadvantaged in the nest.•Disadvantaged birds had to sacrifice more angle …

Environmental circumstances can cause changes in early growth patterns that subsequently
affect the adult phenotype. Here we investigated how different growth trajectories affected …

The expression of alternative phenotypes within a single species is often considered to be
the result of ontogenetic processes and specifically phenotypic plasticity responses to …