Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As
the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during …

Water stress (drought and waterlogging) is severe abiotic stress to plant growth and
development. Melatonin, a bioactive plant hormone, has been widely tested in drought …

Salinity stress occurs due to the accumulation of high levels of salts in soil, which ultimately
leads to the impairment of plant growth and crop loss. Stress tolerance-inducing compounds …

Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses that cause crop yield loss. Improving crop yield
under drought stress is a major goal of crop breeding, as it is critical to food security. The …

Global warming contributes to higher temperatures and reduces rainfall for most areas
worldwide. The concurrent incidence of extreme temperature and water shortage lead to …

Plant sterols are important components of the cell membrane and lipid rafts, which play a
crucial role in various physiological and biochemical processes during development and …

Melatonin “N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine”(MT) has recently been considered as a new plant
growth regulator with multiple physiological functions. Although many previous studies have …

Chilling, a sort of cold stress, is a typical abiotic ecological stress that impacts the
development as well as the growth of crops. The present study was carried to investigate the …

Boron (B) is a microelement required in vascular plants at a high concentration that
produces excess boron and toxicity in many crops. B stress occurs widely and limits plant …

Most endemic plant species have limited altitudinal ranges. At higher altitudes, they are
subjected to various environmental stresses. However, these plants use unique defense …