Fish biology has been developed for more than 100 years, but some important
breakthroughs have been made in the last decade. Early studies commonly concentrated on …

Repetitive DNA sequences playing critical roles in driving evolution, inducing variation, and
regulating gene expression. In this review, we summarized the definition, arrangement, and …

Synthetic lethal interactions, where mutation of one gene renders cells sensitive to inhibition
of another gene, can be exploited for the development of targeted therapeutics in cancer …

The diversity of venomous organisms and the toxins they produce have been increasingly
investigated, but taxonomic bias remains important. Neogastropods, a group of marine …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and gene duplication are often considered as separate
mechanisms driving the evolution of new functions. However, the mobile genetic elements …

Although the majority of annotated new genes in a given genome appear to have arisen
from duplication-related mechanisms, recent studies have shown that genes can also …

Gene duplications are a hallmark of plant genome evolution and a foundation for genetic
interactions that shape phenotypic diversity,,,–. Compensation is a major form of paralogue …

Background Paralogs that arise from gene duplications during genome evolution enable
genetic redundancy and phenotypic robustness. Variation in the coding or regulatory …

Background Gene duplication is a prevalent phenomenon and a major driving force
underlying genome evolution. The process leading to the fixation of gene duplicates …

Organisms rely on mutations to fuel adaptive evolution. However, many mutations impose a
negative effect on fitness. Cells may have therefore evolved mechanisms that affect the …