Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group produced by living organisms. One dictionary
defines them as “Chemicals produced by living organisms that have toxic properties for …

Bioterrorism literally means using microorganisms or infected samples to cause terror and
panic in populations. Bioterrorism had already started 14 centuries before Christ, when the …

Military systems have become more complex, and the development of future advanced
materials for defence applications has received much attention. Nanocellulose has been …

Microbial Forensics is a field that continues to grow in interest and application among the
forensic community. This review, divided into two sections, covers several topics associated …

This volume traces the origins and evolution of the idea of human extinction, from the
ancient Presocratics through contemporary work on" existential risks." Many leading …

The dual-use dilemma arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences
as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of scientific research sometimes …

Bacillus anthracis has been identified as a potential military and bioterror agent as it is
relatively simple to produce, with spores that are highly resilient to degradation in the …

It is supposed that in all armed conflicts until World War II more humans died of infectious
diseases than of the actual violence. Especially malaria left a crucial imprint on wars …

In the decades to come, advanced bioweapons could threaten human existence. Although
the probability of human extinction from bioweapons may be low, the expected value of …

Allelic replacement in the Burkholderia genus has been problematic due to the lack of
appropriate counter-selectable and selectable markers. The counter-selectable marker …