Over the recent years, the growth of online social media has greatly facilitated the way
people communicate with each other. Users of online social media share information …

Internet and social media have become a widespread, large scale and easy to use platform
for real-time information dissemination. It has become an open stage for discussion …

Deep learning (DL) has solved a problem that a few years ago was thought to be intractable—
the automatic recognition of patterns in spatial and temporal data with an accuracy superior …

In recent years, recommender system has become an indispensable function in all e-
commerce platforms. The review rating data for a recommender system typically comes from …

In the era of social networking and e-commerce sites, users provide their feedback and
comments in the form of reviews for any product, topic, or organization. Due to high influence …

The increasing popularity of online review systems motivates malevolent intent in competing
sellers and service providers to manipulate consumers by fabricating product/service …

The substantial upsurge in Web 2.0 deployment allows a large number of consumers to
share their opinions with potential consumers and producers through product and service …

The financial impact of positive reviews has prompted some fraudulent sellers to generate
fake product reviews for either promoting their products or discrediting competing products …

The demand to detect opinionated spam, using opinion mining applications to prevent their
damaging effects on e-commerce reputations is on the rise in many business sectors …

Online consumer reviews play an important role in hel** consumers judge the quality and
authenticity of products on e-commerce platforms. However, the constant presence of fake …