Water resources are critical to the sustainability of life on Earth. With a growing population
and climate change, it is imperative to assess the security of these resources. Over the past …

Soil moisture is a crucial component of land–atmosphere interaction systems. It has a
decisive effect on evapotranspiration and photosynthesis, which then notably impacts the …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used to study complex
environmental phenomena with high variability in time and space. In this study, the potential …

Abstract The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level‐4 Soil Moisture (L.
4_SM) product provides global, 3‐hourly, 9‐km resolution estimates of surface (0–5 cm) and …

Abstract The OPtical TRApezoid Model (OPTRAM) has recently been proposed for
estimation of soil moisture using only optical remote sensing data. The model relies on a …

Drought is a recurring, complex, and extreme climatic phenomenon characterized by
subnormal precipitation for months to years triggering negative impacts on agriculture …

Agricultural drought is one of most damaging agricultural hazards worldwide that can bring
significant agricultural losses and water scarcity. The use of satellite images for monitoring …

Soil moisture is a fundamental ecological component for climate and hydrological studies.
However, the distribution patterns of soil moisture are spatially heterogenous and influenced …

Abrupt onset and swift intensification characterize flash droughts. Global surface soil
moisture (θRS) from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite can facilitate a …

Groundwater (GW) is a vital resource for human consumption, agriculture, environmental
sustainability, and socio-economic development in different parts of the world. Besides, GW …