Here we argue functional neuroanatomy for posture-gait control. Multi-sensory information
such as somatosensory, visual and vestibular sensation act on various areas of the brain so …

Parkinson disease (PD) treatment options have conventionally focused on dopamine
replacement and provision of symptomatic relief. Current treatments cause undesirable …

People with late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from debilitating locomotor
deficits that are resistant to currently available therapies. To alleviate these deficits, we …

Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease
(PD), but the mechanisms and treatments of FOG remain great challenges for clinicians and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease typified by a movement
disorder consisting of bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. Treatment …

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes severe patient burden despite
pharmacological management. Exercise and training are therefore advocated as important …

Rapid advancements in neurostimulation technologies are providing relief to an
unprecedented number of patients affected by debilitating neurologic and psychiatric …

Objective Postural instability and gait difficulties (PIGDs) represent debilitating disturbances
in Parkinson's disease (PD). Past acetylcholinesterase positron emission tomography (PET) …

Freezing of gait is a disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease that causes a paroxysmal
inability to generate effective step**. The underlying pathophysiology has recently …

The central cholinergic system includes the basal forebrain nuclei, mainly projecting to the
cortex, the mesopontine tegmental nuclei, mainly projecting to the thalamus and subcortical …