The repeated adaptation of oceanic threespine sticklebacks to fresh water has made it a
premier organism to study parallel evolution. These small fish have multiple distinct …

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 591–602 Abstract The spectacular diversity in sexually selected
traits among animal taxa has inspired the hypothesis that divergent sexual selection can …

The ecological factors responsible for the evolution of individual differences in animal
personality (consistent individual differences in the same behaviour across time and …

Natural selection is the process that results in adaptive evolution, but it is not the cause of
evolution. The cause of natural selection and, therefore, of adaptive evolution, is any …

Genes underlying repeated adaptive evolution in natural populations are still largely
unknown. Stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have undergone a recent dramatic …

Parallelism, the evolution of similar traits in populations diversifying in similar conditions,
provides strong evidence of adaptation by natural selection. Many studies of parallelism …

Plerocercoids of the pseudophyllidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus infect the three-
spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, with important consequences for the biology of …

Research on speciation and adaptive radiation has flourished during the past decades, yet
factors underlying initiation of reproductive isolation often remain unknown. Parasites …

The three-spined stickleback is a small teleost fish, native to coastal regions of the Northern
Hemisphere, which has emerged as a key model organism in evolutionary biology and …

During sexual imprinting, offspring learn parental phenotypes and then select mates who
are similar to their parents. Imprinting has been thought to contribute to the process of …