The symbiosis between cnidarians (eg, corals or sea anemones) and intracellular
dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium is of immense ecological importance. In …

In this review we discuss the present knowledge on the biological and environmental control
of biomineralization (calcification) in hermatypic corals. We describe first the anatomy of the …

Many marine organisms have coevolved symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
in nitrogen limited environments such as coral reefs. In addition, some of these organisms …

The acclimatization capacity of corals is a critical consideration in the persistence of coral
reefs under stresses imposed by global climate change. The stress history of corals plays a …

The phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, hydra, jellyfish) is one the most distantly
related animal phyla to humans, and yet cnidarians harbor many of the same cellular …

Anthozoa is the most specious class of the phylum Cnidaria that is phylogenetically basal
within the Metazoa. It is an interesting group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly appreciated as down-stream effectors of
cellular damage and dysfunction under natural and anthropogenic stress scenarios in …

Animals must manage interactions with beneficial as well as detrimental microbes. Immunity
therefore includes strategies for both resistance to and tolerance of microbial invaders …

White Plague Disease (WPD) is implicated in coral reef decline in the Caribbean and is
characterized by microbial community shifts in coral mucus and tissue. Studies thus far have …

Reef-building corals are representatives of one of the earliest diverging metazoan lineages
and are experiencing increases in bleaching events (breakdown of the coral-Symbiodinium …