Most palm oil currently available in global markets is sourced from certified large-scale
plantations. Comparatively little is sourced from (typically uncertified) smallholders. We …

New plantations can either cause deforestation by replacing natural forests or avoid this by
using previously cleared areas. The extent of these two situations is contested in tropical …

The inexorable expansion of oil palm plantations has been a major driver of biodiversity loss
in the tropics. This is particularly evident in Malaysia and Indonesia, where the majority of …

Commodity crop expansion has increased with the globalization of production systems and
consumer demand, linking distant socio-ecological systems. Oil palm plantations are …

Many nations use ecological compensation policies to address negative impacts of
development projects and achieve No Net Loss (NNL) of biodiversity and ecosystem …

Voluntary sustainability standards have increased in uptake over the last decade; here, we
explore their potential contribution to biodiversity conservation and other aspects of …

Land-use change is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, especially in the tropics where
secondary and plantation forests are expanding while primary forest is declining …

As human-modified landscapes are increasing in the tropics, it becomes critical to
understand how they affect mammal communities to reconcile conservation and …

Monocultural rubber plantations have replaced tropical forest, causing biodiversity loss.
While protecting intact or semi‐intact biodiverse forest is paramount, improving biodiversity …

Oil crops are among the main drivers of global land use changes. Palm oil is possibly the
most criticized, as a driver of primary tropical forests loss. This has generated two different …