The RAS–mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway has long been
viewed as an attractive pathway for anticancer therapies, based on its central role in …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating joint disorder, affecting large sections of the
population with significant disability and impaired quality of life. During OA, functional units …

The annual regrowth of deer antlers provides a valuable model for studying organ
regeneration in mammals. We describe a single-cell atlas of antler regrowth. The earliest …

Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of cartilage
and increased subchondral bone within synovial joints. Wnt signaling affects the …

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) expanded with and without fibroblast growth
factor (FGF) supplementation were compared with respect to their proliferation rate, ability to …

Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects
and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required …

The transcriptional activation by SRY-type high mobility group box 9 (SOX9) and the
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals are necessary for chondrogenic differentiation …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive joint disease that results in
cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. The proinflammatory cytokine …

The cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of
osteoarthritis (OA), and in particular cartilage degeneration in OA, are not completely …

The treatment of irregular bone defects remains a clinical challenge since the current
biomaterials (eg, calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC)) mainly act as inert substitutes …