Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social
resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence …

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral
development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can …

Early childhood poverty is a risk factor for lower school achievement, reduced earnings, and
poorer health, and has been associated with differences in brain structure and function …

Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates
development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and …

A growing literature has shown associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and
neural properties (such as brain structure and function). In this review, we aimed to …

The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing
brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we …

Low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood is associated with deficits in executive
function and changes in cortical morphology. Furthermore, rates of childhood obesity are …

Importance Studies of socioeconomic status and neurodevelopmental outcome in very
preterm neonates have not sensitively accounted for brain injury. Objective To determine the …

Childhood economic disadvantage is associated with lower cognitive and social-emotional
skills, reduced educational attainment, and lower earnings in adulthood. Despite these …

Highlights•Socioeconomic disparities in brain structure and function are prevalent.•The
mechanisms that may underlie disparities in brain development are discussed.•Future steps …