Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are two different
entities sharing common clinical and physio-pathological features, with insulin resistance …

In recent years, the incidence of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased
dramatically, which is probably related to the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome …

The elderly population in the United States is projected to almost double by the year 2050. In
addition, the numbers of diabetics are rising, along with its most common complication …

A hyperglycemic state, also in non-diabetic subjects, may be associated with acute coronary
syndrome (ACS). Aim of this review is to describe the pathophysiologic association between …

Diabetes mellitus, which comprises a group of metabolic disorders affecting carbohydrate
metabolism, is characterized by improper glucose utilization and excessive production …

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an elevated incidence of cardiovascular
and renal diseases, responsible for mortality rates significantly higher than in the general …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global health challenge, affecting
millions of individuals and leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. This review aims to …

The insulin–heart axis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease
(CVD) in insulin-resistant states, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance …

Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) family members are involved in several vital
biological functions. Except for SGLT3, they are involved in the mechanisms of active …