Background Clonal plants spread laterally by spacers between their ramets (shoot–root
units); these spacers can transport and store resources. While much is known about how …

Soil resource heterogeneity can affect plant growth and competitive ability. However, little is
known about how soil resource heterogeneity affects competitive interactions between …

Native plant communities are often invaded by multiple alien species. It is still unclear how
increasing diversity of alien invasive species suppresses the growth of native species and …

Abstract Background and Aims Fine-scale, spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient availability
can increase the growth of individual plants, the productivity of plant communities and …

The capacity of small clonal fragments to survive and grow is a major factor in the spread of
clonal plants, especially aquatic species. This study of the introduced, invasive, amphibious …

Plants have evolved a variety of defense traits against foliar herbivory, including the
production of primary and secondary metabolites, the allocation of chemical compounds …

Many notorious invasive plants are clonal, spreading mainly by vegetative propagules.
Propagule pressure (the number of propagules) may affect the establishment, growth, and …

Groups of connected ramets produced by clonal growth in plants are particularly susceptible
to fragmentation in aquatic ecosystems. Both clonal fragment size and nutrient availability …

Plants with clonal growth may suffer from great fragmentation risk due to frequent
disturbance. Meanwhile, storage capacity of clonal organs (stolon or rhizome) is important …

Epigenetic changes and maternal effects, collectively termed transgenerational effects, allow
responses of organisms to environmental factors to be passed between generations. This is …