Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment
approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal …

Background Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many
experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and …

The treatment of bone defects remains a significant challenge to be solved clinically.
Immunomodulatory properties of orthopedic biomaterials have significance in regulating …

Current clinical approaches to osteoporosis primarily target osteoclast biology, overlooking
the synergistic role of bone cells, immune cells, cytokines, and inorganic components in …

Various strategies have been explored to overcome critically sized bone defects via bone
tissue engineering approaches that incorporate biomimetic scaffolds. Biomimetic scaffolds …

While bone tissue is known for its inherent regenerative abilities, various pathological
conditions and trauma can disrupt its meticulously regulated processes of bone formation …

Bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite, bioglass, and magnesium-calcium-phosphate
combinations are extensively used for bone tissue regeneration. Although hydroxyapatite …

Abstract Magnesium cation (Mg 2+) has been an emerging therapeutic agent for inducing
vascularized bone regeneration. However, the therapeutic effects of current magnesium …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of cell physiological activity and
the reconstruction of extracellular environment. Matrix vesicles (MVs) are a type of EVs …

Recruiting endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo to bone
defect sites shows great promise in cell therapies for bone tissue engineering, which tackles …