Visual representations play a critical role in enhancing science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) learning. Educational psychology research shows that adding …

Multiple (external) representations can provide unique benefits when people are learning
complex new ideas. Unfortunately, many studies have shown this promise is not always …

Student engagement in a blended learning environment is very different from that in a
traditional classroom environment, and is fostered by satisfying three innate needs identified …

Abstract The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Model
(LLM)-based systems, in education has shown promise in enhancing teaching and learning …

Cognitive load theory uses evolutionary theory to consider human cognitive architecture and
uses that architecture to devise novel, instructional procedures. The theory assumes that …

Multimedia learning is learning from words and pictures. The rationale for studying
multimedia learning is that people can learn more deeply from words and pictures than from …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multimedia learning. Multimedia learning
occurs when a learner builds a mental representation from words and pictures that have …

A fundamental hypothesis underlying research on multimedia learning is that multimedia
instructional messages that are de-signed in light of how the human mind works are more …

This chapter presents an integrated model of text and picture comprehension that takes into
account that learners can use multiple sensory modalities combined with different forms of …

Instructional design research promotes interactive and adaptive scaffolds as features of
educational technology. Mathematics education research can guide elaborated fractions …