The reliance of aquaculture production on the ambient environment suggests its
vulnerability to climate change. Global warming has led to the increase in water …

All metazoans possess innate immune defence system whereas parameters of the adaptive
immune system make their first appearance in the gnathostomata, the jawed vertebrates …

Parasites and infectious diseases are everywhere and represent some of the most potent
forces sha** the natural world. They affect almost every aspect imaginable in the life of …

Temperature is an important environmental modulator of teleost immune activity.
Susceptibility of teleosts to temperature variation depends on the species‐specific adaptive …

The heavy reliance of most global aquaculture on the ambient environment suggests
inherent vulnerability to climate change effects. This review explores the potential effects of …

Ongoing climate change has already been associated with increased disease outbreaks in
wild and farmed fish. Here, we evaluate the current knowledge of climate change-related …

The environment impacts on the physiology and psychology of animals in a wide variety of
ways. If we can develop an understanding of how different environmental factors affect …

The skin, gills, and gut are the most extensively studied mucosal organs in fish. These
mucosal structures provide the intimate interface between the internal and external milieus …

There is nothing like a pandemic to get the world thinking about how infectious diseases
affect individual behavior. In this respect, sick animals can behave in ways that are …

Increases in global population and seafood demand are occurring simultaneously with
fisheries decline in an era of rapid climate change. Aquaculture is well positioned to help …