Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and
humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential. It is characterized by …

The plus-maze, the light–dark box and the open-field are the main current tests of
unconditioned anxiety for mice and rats. Despite their disappointing achievements, they …

To support the role of DISC1 in human psychiatric disorders, we identified and analyzed two
independently derived ENU-induced mutations in Exon 2 of mouse Disc1. Mice with …

Mood disorders are more frequent in women than men, however, the majority of research
has focused on male rodents as animal models. We used a variety of common behavioral …

Stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Animal models of these
disorders are widely used in behavioral neuroscience to explore stress-evoked brain …

Stressful events in an early postnatal period have critical implications for the individual's life
and can increase later risk for psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate …

The current tests of anxiety in mice and rats used in preclinical research include the elevated
plus‐maze (EPM) or zero‐maze (EZM), the light/dark box (LDB), and the open‐field (OF) …

Low sociability is one of the most prominent and disabling symptoms of autism. The biology
of sociability is not well understood, and there is no available treatment that adequately …

Little is known about the genetics of social approach–avoidance behaviors. We measured
social approach–avoidance of prepubescent female C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, AKR/J, A/J …

The focus of this review is on progress achieved in identifying specific genes conferring risk
for anxiety disorders through the use of genetic animal models. We discuss gene-finding …