Metaheuristics for bilevel optimization: A comprehensive review
A bilevel programming model represents the relationship in a specific decision process that
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …
A review on bilevel optimization: From classical to evolutionary approaches and applications
A large number of application problems involve two levels of optimization, where one
optimization task is nested inside the other. These problems are known as bilevel …
optimization task is nested inside the other. These problems are known as bilevel …
Nonlinear bilevel programming approach for decentralized supply chain using a hybrid state transition algorithm
This paper investigates a decentralized supply chain that is composed of one manufacturer
and multiple distributors. The manufacturer produces goods and wholesales them to …
and multiple distributors. The manufacturer produces goods and wholesales them to …