This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET)
reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of …

Biosensors are of great significance because of their capability to resolve a potentially large
number of analytical problems and challenges in very diverse areas such as defense …

Nanoparticles with biocomputing capabilities could potentially be used to create
sophisticated robotic devices with a variety of biomedical applications, including intelligent …

Combining organic hydrogels with nanomaterials leads to creation of nanocomposite
hydrogels (NCHs) with unique features. These multi-composite/multi-functional materials …

Introduction of rough sets by Professor Zdzisław Pawlak has completed 35 years. The theory
has already attracted the attention of many researchers and practitioners, who have …

For the first time, three 2-input elementary AND, OR, INHIBIT logic gates have been
constructed by using CRISPR-Cas12a system. These logic gates utilised the intrinsic …

Highlights•Information processing in molecular and biomolecular systems.•Logic operations
mimicked with enzyme-biocatalyzed reactions.•Concatenated logic gates mimicked with …

Molecular computing based on enzymes or nucleic acids has attracted a great deal of
attention due to the perspectives of controlling living systems in the way we control …

We introduced a four-way DNA junction-driven toehold-mediated strand displacement
method. Separation of the different functional domains on different strands in the four-way …

Conventional electronic circuits can perform multi‐level logic operations; however, this
capability is rarely realized by biological logic gates. In addition, the question of how to close …