Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects behavior,
thinking, learning, and memory in elderly individuals. AD occurs in two forms, early onset …

Background The implication of gut microbiota in the control of brain functions in health and
disease is a novel, currently emerging concept. Accumulating data suggest that the gut …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Microglia possess
varied morphologies and functions. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia mainly …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein
aggregation in the brain. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of microglia in AD …

Defective brain hormonal signaling has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a
disorder characterized by synapse and memory failure. Irisin is an exercise-induced …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment characterized by
deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication, and repetitive and restricted …

The synapse has consistently been considered a vulnerable and critical target within
Alzheimer's disease, and synapse loss is, to date, one of the main biological correlates of …

Epidemiological evidence implicates maternal infection as a risk factor for autism spectrum
disorder and schizophrenia. Animal models corroborate this link and demonstrate that …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by intracellular inclusions of aggregated and
misfolded α-Synuclein (α-Syn), and the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the brain. The …

Neurodegenerative and neuronal-related diseases are major public health concerns.
Human vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) increases with age. Neuronal …