Venoms are one of the most convergent of animal traits known, and encompass a much
greater taxonomic and functional diversity than is commonly appreciated. This knowledge …

Venomics research is being revolutionized by the increased use of sensitive-omics
techniques to identify venom toxins and their transcripts in both well studied and neglected …

Background Echinoidea is a clade of marine animals including sea urchins, heart urchins,
sand dollars and sea biscuits. Found in benthic habitats across all latitudes, echinoids are …

The endoskeleton of echinoderms (Deuterostomia: Echinodermata) is of mesodermal origin
and consists of cells, organic components, as well as an inorganic mineral matrix. The …

The rich fossil record of echinoids documents their 460 million years long evolutionary
history and provides a treasure trove for phylogenetic studies. The multielement high …

Latitudinal gradients in the strength of biotic interactions have long been proposed, but
empirical evidence for the expectation of more intense predation, herbivory and competition …

Tripneustes appears to be a generalist in habitat and food in tropical and subtropical,
shallow water habitats subject to disturbance. It can have major effects on seagrass and …

Phylogenetics emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century as a speculative
storytelling discipline dedicated to providing narrative explanations for the evolution of taxa …

Sea urchins (echinoids) are common model organisms for research in developmental
biology and for their unusual transition from a bilaterally organized larva into a post …

Despite several recent analyses on the phylogeny of Neuroptera some questions still remain
to be answered. In the present analysis we address these questions by exploring a hitherto …