The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate
transmission efficiency depends on the correct functionality and expression of a plethora of …

As the major cellular component of the innate immune system in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the first line of defense whenever injury or disease occurs, microglia play a …

The CNS is endowed with an elaborated response repertoire termed'neuroinflammation',
which enables it to cope with pathogens, toxins, traumata and degeneration. On the basis of …

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central
nervous system (CNS), playing an important role in memory, synaptic plasticity and neuronal …

Microglial activation is an early response to brain ischemia and many other stressors.
Microglia continuously monitor and respond to changes in brain homeostasis and to specific …

It has long been suggested that prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the subsequent
incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson …

There is by now substantial clinical evidence for an association between specific mood
disorders and altered immune function. More recently, a number of hypotheses have been …

Retinal degeneration (RD) is one of the most common causes of visual impairment and
blindness and is characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors …

Neurodegenerative processes encompass a large variety of diseases with different
pathological patterns and clinical features, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases …