Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor
promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development …

Oxidative stress due to imbalance between ROS production and detoxification plays a
pivotal role in determining cell fate. In response to the excessive ROS, apoptotic signaling …

Infection, cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major causes for morbidity and
mortality in the United States according to the Center for Disease Control. The underlying …

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that were
found to enhance mRNA degradation or inhibit post-transcriptional translation. Accumulating …

Skeletal muscle injuries occur frequently in daily life and exercise. Understanding the
mechanisms of regeneration is critical for accelerating the repair and regeneration of …

Objective: Inflammatory activation changes the mitochondrial function of macrophages from
oxidative phosphorylation to reactive oxygen species production, which may promote …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from most cell types encapsulating
specific molecular cargo. Exosomes serve as mediators of cell‐to‐cell and tissue‐to‐tissue …

Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a causal role in different vascular diseases,
such as hypertension, diabetic vasculopathy, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small (21–25 nucleotides) endogenous and noncoding
RNAs involved in many cellular processes such as apoptosis, development, proliferation …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
Although for some lncRNAs a relevant role in hypoxic endothelium has been shown, the …